ALL ABOUT, HEALTH and DISEASE :

      Note:   To view in better way please select desktop site.                           Health:

 Health: Health is described as the state of complete physical, mental and social well being. 

For maintaining a healthy life cycle, a person needs to have a balanced and varied diet, need to exercise, live regularly in a proper shelter and get proper and enough sleep, and maintaining a good hygiene also reduces the chances of developing an infection.

Disease: Disease [dis = without, ease =comfort] is a disorder in a human, animal or plant, caused by infection, diet or by faulty functions of a process. 

                                  OR

Any disturbance in the structure or function of any organ or part of body . it may be caused due to the attack of pathogens {virus, bacteria}, lack of balanced diet and lack of public health services.

                           TYPES OF DISEASE                  

1. Physical:(temporary or permanent damage to body parts). e.g., bone fracture, leprosy.
2. Infectious:(invasion of the body by other organisms) (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans,nematodes, insects,etc.) e.g., typhoid, diarrhoea,malaria, hepatitis, AIDS,T.B, polio,influenza,cholera.
3. Deficiency:(inadequate diet) e.g., goitre, scurvy, rickets, beri-beri, marasmus, kwashiorkar, anaemia.
4. Inherited:(defective genes passed on from parents to offsprings.) e.g., haemophilia, sick-cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis. 
5. Degenerative: (organs and tissue wear away and do not work so well with age.) e.g., arthritis, poor sight and hearing defects. 
6. Mental: (brain damage or physiological). e.g., Depression, paranoia.
7. Social: (social interaction with family friends and strangers). e.g, drug dependence, alchoholism, smoking, unhealthy lifestyle.  

            SOME COMMON DEFICIENCY DISEASES OF HUMAN BEINGS.

1. Protein:                                               Kwashiorkor
2. Protein and total food calories:         Marasmus
3. Vitamin A:                                          Xeropthalmia, Night Blindness
4. Vitamin B1:                                        Beri-Beri
5. Vitamin B2:                                        Cheilosis
6. Niacin:                                               Pellagra
7. Vitamin B12:                                     Pernicious anaemia 
8. Iron:                                                  Microytic anaemia 
9. Vitamin C:                                        Scurvy  
10. Vitamin D:                                       Rickets (in children)
11. Vitamin K:                                       Bleeding disease
12. Fluorine:                                         Dental caries
13. Iodine:                                            Goitre

                         Some human disease caused by infectious agents.

1. VIRUS:              1. Common cold 

                               2. Influenza 

                              3. Dengue fever

                             4. Poliomyelitis

                            5. Hepatitis-B

                            6. AIDS

                           7. Chicken pox

                           8. Measles 

                         10. SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome)

                         11. Small pox

                        12. Swine flue

                        13. Japanese encephalitis

2. Bacteria:  1. Typhoid fever

                        2. Cholera 

                       3. Tuberculosis

                      4. Anthrax

                     5. Acne 

                    6. Tetanus

                   7. Food poisoning

3. Fungi: 1. Athlete's foot, ringworm, and many other skin infection.

4. Protozoa:      1. Malaria

                             2. Kala-azar

                            3. Amoeba dysentry

                           4. Sleeping sickness 

5. Worm:       1. Intestinal worm infections

                        2. Elephantiasis

                         Means of spread of infectious Disease 

Air-borne disease, e.g., common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Such disease causing microbes are spread through out the air. 

Water-borne disease, e.g., Cholera. Infectious disease can also spread through water. these . occur when a stool from someone suffereing from an infectious gut disease, such as cholera or amoebiasis, gets mixed with the drinking water used by people living nearby. The cholera-infested bacteria can enter new hosts through the water they drink and can cause disease in them. 

Sexually-transmitted disease, e.g., Syphilis and AIDS, HIV. Both of these pathogens are transmitted by sexual contact from one partner to other. It is transmitted by only sexual organs.

Formite borne disease, Articles coming in contact with patients act as source of infection, e.g., door handles, taps, garments, currency, utensils, crockery, etc.

Spread of disease through vectors, Many animals which live with us may carry diseases. These animals can transfer infecting agents from a sick person to another potential host. Thus, these animals act as intermediaries or VECTORs. Vectors are carrier of a disease or infection. Mosquitoes(Anopheles) are vector of a disease, called MALARIA.

                 Comman human disease transmitted by insects.  

 1. Mosquitoes:-

(1) ANOPHELES{Female}                Malaria

(2) CULEX                                         Filariasis

(3) AEDES                                         Yellow fever, Dengue, Filariasis

2. Flies:-

(1) House fly                                    Typhoid, Diarrhoea, Dysentry, 

                                                         Cholera,Tuberculosis, Conjunctivitis(an eye disease)

(2) Sandfly                                       Kala-azar, oriental sore.

(3) Tse-Tse fly                                 Sleeping sickness.

3. Louse:-                               Epidemic typhus

4. Rat flea:-                           Bubonic plague

                                    DID YOU KNOW?

                                        INFLAMATION or OEDEMA

Inflamation is due to the escape of chemicals, including HISTAMINE and 5'- hydroxytrptomine from the damaged tissue. this increase the amount of blood in the wounded area and raises the temperature locally. Leaking from the capillaries is also increased, permitting discharge of plasma and white blood cells into the surrounding tissue. The consequent swelling of the area is called OEDEMA.